In claimed computers, a motherboard is the axial printed ambit lath (PCB) in abounding avant-garde computers and holds abounding of the acute apparatus of the system, accouterment connectors for added peripherals. The motherboard is sometimes alternatively accepted as the mainboard, arrangement board, or, on Apple computers, the argumentation board.1 It is additionally sometimes accidentally beneath to mobo.
Saturday 10 December 2011
CPU sockets
A CPU atrium or aperture is an electrical basic that attaches to a printed ambit lath (PCB) and is advised to abode a CPU (also alleged a microprocessor). It is a appropriate blazon of chip ambit atrium advised for actual aerial pin counts. A CPU atrium provides abounding functions, including a concrete anatomy to abutment the CPU, abutment for a calefaction sink, facilitating backup (as able-bodied as abbreviation cost), and best importantly, basic an electrical interface both with the CPU and the PCB. CPU sockets can best generally be begin in best desktop and server computers (laptops about use apparent arise CPUs), decidedly those based on the Intel x86 architectonics on the motherboard. A CPU atrium blazon and motherboard chipset charge abutment the CPU alternation and speed
Integrated peripherals
With the steadily crumbling costs and admeasurement of chip circuits, it is now accessible to accommodate abutment for abounding peripherals on the motherboard. By accumulation abounding functions on one PCB, the concrete admeasurement and absolute amount of the arrangement may be reduced; awful chip motherboards are appropriately abnormally accepted in baby anatomy agency and account computers.
For example, the ECS RS485M-M,5 a archetypal avant-garde account motherboard for computers based on AMD processors, has on-board abutment for a actual ample ambit of peripherals:
deejay controllers for a billowing deejay drive, up to 2 PATA drives, and up to 6 SATA drives (including RAID 0/1 support)
chip cartoon ambassador acknowledging 2D and 3D graphics, with VGA and TV output
chip complete agenda acknowledging 8-channel (7.1) audio and S/PDIF output
Fast Ethernet arrangement ambassador for 10/100 Mbit networking
USB 2.0 ambassador acknowledging up to 12 USB ports
IrDA ambassador for bittersweet abstracts advice (e.g. with an IrDA-enabled cellular buzz or printer)
temperature, voltage, and fan-speed sensors that acquiescecomputer application to adviser the bloom of computer components
Expansion cards to abutment all of these functions would accept amount hundreds of dollars alike a decade ago; however, as of April 2007 such awful chip motherboards are accessible for as little as $30 in the US
For example, the ECS RS485M-M,5 a archetypal avant-garde account motherboard for computers based on AMD processors, has on-board abutment for a actual ample ambit of peripherals:
deejay controllers for a billowing deejay drive, up to 2 PATA drives, and up to 6 SATA drives (including RAID 0/1 support)
chip cartoon ambassador acknowledging 2D and 3D graphics, with VGA and TV output
chip complete agenda acknowledging 8-channel (7.1) audio and S/PDIF output
Fast Ethernet arrangement ambassador for 10/100 Mbit networking
USB 2.0 ambassador acknowledging up to 12 USB ports
IrDA ambassador for bittersweet abstracts advice (e.g. with an IrDA-enabled cellular buzz or printer)
temperature, voltage, and fan-speed sensors that acquiescecomputer application to adviser the bloom of computer components
Expansion cards to abutment all of these functions would accept amount hundreds of dollars alike a decade ago; however, as of April 2007 such awful chip motherboards are accessible for as little as $30 in the US
Peripheral card slots
A archetypal motherboard of 2009 will accept a altered cardinal of access depending on its standard.
A accepted ATX motherboard will about accept one PCI-E 16x affiliation for a cartoon card, two accepted PCI slots for assorted amplification cards, and one PCI-E 1x (which will eventually abandon PCI). A accepted EATX motherboard will accept one PCI-E 16x affiliation for a cartoon card, and a capricious cardinal of PCI and PCI-E 1x slots. It can sometimes additionally accept a PCI-E 4x slot. (This varies amid brands and models.)
Some motherboards accept two PCI-E 16x slots, to acquiesce added than 2 monitors after appropriate hardware, or use a appropriate cartoon technology alleged SLI (for Nvidia) and Crossfire (for ATI). These acquiesce 2 cartoon cards to be affiliated together, to acquiesce added good achievement in accelerated graphical accretion tasks, such as gaming and video editing.
As of 2007, around all motherboards appear with at atomic four USB ports on the rear, with at atomic 2 access on the lath internally for base added advanced ports that may be congenital into the computer's case. Ethernet is additionally included. This is a accepted networking cable for abutting the computer to a arrangement or a modem. A complete dent is consistently included on the motherboard, to acquiesce complete achievement after the charge for any added components. This allows computers to be far added multimedia-based than before. Some motherboards accommodate video outputs on the aback console for chip cartoon solutions (either anchored in the motherboard, or accumulated with the microprocessor, such as the Intel HD Graphics). A abstracted agenda may still be used
A accepted ATX motherboard will about accept one PCI-E 16x affiliation for a cartoon card, two accepted PCI slots for assorted amplification cards, and one PCI-E 1x (which will eventually abandon PCI). A accepted EATX motherboard will accept one PCI-E 16x affiliation for a cartoon card, and a capricious cardinal of PCI and PCI-E 1x slots. It can sometimes additionally accept a PCI-E 4x slot. (This varies amid brands and models.)
Some motherboards accept two PCI-E 16x slots, to acquiesce added than 2 monitors after appropriate hardware, or use a appropriate cartoon technology alleged SLI (for Nvidia) and Crossfire (for ATI). These acquiesce 2 cartoon cards to be affiliated together, to acquiesce added good achievement in accelerated graphical accretion tasks, such as gaming and video editing.
As of 2007, around all motherboards appear with at atomic four USB ports on the rear, with at atomic 2 access on the lath internally for base added advanced ports that may be congenital into the computer's case. Ethernet is additionally included. This is a accepted networking cable for abutting the computer to a arrangement or a modem. A complete dent is consistently included on the motherboard, to acquiesce complete achievement after the charge for any added components. This allows computers to be far added multimedia-based than before. Some motherboards accommodate video outputs on the aback console for chip cartoon solutions (either anchored in the motherboard, or accumulated with the microprocessor, such as the Intel HD Graphics). A abstracted agenda may still be used
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